失重条件下呼吸力学参数测试方法及实现

目的研究失重情况下的航天员呼吸运动,准确获取其呼吸力学参数。方法在对国内外相关研究成果进行调研的基础上,提出基于气体流量传感器和压力传感器的呼吸力学参数检测方法。结果设计并完成了硬件电路与软件编写。采用三次拟合法对标定数据进行曲线拟合,所得气体流量拟合的相关系数达到0.99,而压力拟合的相关系数达到0.995。对硬件电路测试,测得最大相对误差小于1%。经实验结果分析得出系统最大相对误差仅为4%,且结果稳定性良好,符合系统的要求,且实现了测试设备的小型化。结论样机具有良好的稳定性和精度,参数实时显示。     

彩色多普勒血流成像在检测子宫动脉栓塞术前后卵巢血流变化中的应用

目的 应用彩色多普勒血流成像技术(CDFI)从血液动力学水平了解子宫动脉栓塞术(UAE)对卵巢血供的影响.资料与方法 32例妇科良性疾病患者子宫动脉栓塞术前及术后1周、术后1个月和术后3个月分别用彩色多普勒血流成像技术测量子宫及卵巢动脉的血流变化参数,包括收缩期血流速度峰值(PSV)、舒张期末血流速度(EDV)及阻力指数(RI).结果 32例患者手术成功率为100％,术后所有患者临床症状均得到改善;栓塞前后卵巢动脉PSV、EDV及RI比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);栓塞前后子宫动脉PSV、EDV及RI比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 子宫动脉栓塞术治疗妇科良性疾病是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,彩色多普勒血流成像技术可作为妇科良性疾病手术前后的检测方法,用来评价子宫动脉栓塞术的临床疗效.     

微血管模式、密度及影像学参数对涎腺腺样囊性癌预后的关系

目的探讨微血管模式、密度以及影像学参数与涎腺腺样囊性癌预后的相关性。方法收集涎腺腺样囊性癌患者148例,免疫组化染色方法检测血管内皮细胞CD31、CD105单克隆抗体表达及检测涎腺肿瘤组织的微血管密度(MVD),比较CT灌注参数、微血管密度(MVD)参数在良恶性肿瘤之间的差异及相关性。结果 CD31在恶性肿瘤组中的表达明显高于良性肿瘤组,但两组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);CD105在恶性肿瘤组中的表达明显高于良性肿瘤组,但两组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);恶性肿瘤组灌注参数BF、BV、PS值明显高于良性组,差异比较具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而两组的MTT参数比较差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05);采用Spearman分析肿瘤各灌注各参数值与MVD的相关性,结果显示BF、PS、BV、MTT与MVD之间呈正相关性。结论 CT灌注参数可较准确地定量分析肿瘤血流灌注状态,微血管密度(MVD)、CD105可特异性标记肿瘤新生血管内皮细胞,在涎腺腺样囊性癌的预后的评价中发挥着有积极作用。     

The linkage among ambulance transports,death and climate parameters in Asahikawa City,Japan

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the linkage among climate parameters, total ambulance transports and the number of deaths in Asahikawa City in northern Japan.

Methods

Monthly data on total ambulance transports and the number of deaths from January 2004 to December 2011 were obtained from Asahikawa City Fire Department and the Asahikawa City official website. Climate parameters for the required period were also obtained from the Japan Meteorological Agency, Japan. To adjust for the population, we also used monthly population data on Asahikawa City. The linkage among climate parameters, total ambulance transports and the number of deaths was evaluated by ecological analysis.

Results

The mean air temperature in the Asahikawa area was 7.3 ± 10.1 °C. Total ambulance transports (/a hundred thousand people/day) and the number of deaths (/a hundred thousand people/day) were 10.0 ± 0.6 and 2.6 ± 0.3, respectively. Using quadratic curves, total ambulance transports and the number of deaths were weakly correlated with some climate parameters. The number of deaths was weakly and positively correlated with total ambulance transports.

Conclusion

A weak linkage among climate parameters, total ambulance transports and the number of deaths was noted in Asahikawa City, Japan. However, these associations were not as high as expected.     

Whole body plethysmography reveals differential ventilatory responses to ozone in rat models of cardiovascular disease

Abstract

To elucidate key factors of host susceptibility to air pollution, healthy and cardiovascular (CV)-compromised rats were exposed to air or ozone (O₃) at 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0?ppm for 4?h. We hypothesized that rat strains with the least cardiac reserve would be most prone to develop significant health effects. Using flow whole body plethysmography (FWBP), ventilatory responses in healthy 3-month-old male rats [i.e. Wistar–Kyoto (WKY), Wistar (WIS), and Sprague–Dawley (SD) strains] were compared with hypertensive [i.e. spontaneously hypertensive (SH), fawn-hooded-hypertensive (FHH), and SH-stroke-prone (SHSP)] strains and obese [i.e. SH-heart failure-prone (SHHF) and JCR:LA-cp, atherosclerosis-prone (JCR)] strains. SH were slower to acclimate to the FWBP chambers. At 0-h post-air-exposure, SHSP and SHHF exhibited hyperpnea, indicative of cardiopulmonary insufficiency. At 0-h-post-O₃, all but one strain showed significant concentration-dependent decreases in minute volume [MV?=?tidal volume (TV)?×?breathing frequency]. Comparing air with 1.0?ppm responses, MV declined 20–27% in healthy, 21–42% in hypertensive, and 33% in JCR rats, but was unchanged in SHHF rats. Penh increased significantly in all strains, with disproportionate increases in “responder” WKY and FHH strains. By 20?h, most changes had resolved, although Penh remained elevated in WKY, SH, and SHSP. Based on the effective dose estimates (O₃?ppm?×?h?×?MV), the most CV-compromised (SHSP and SHHF) strains received significantly greater O₃ lung deposition (25% and 40%, respectively). Data support epidemiologic associations that individuals with cardiopulmonary insufficiency are at greater risk for urban pollutant exposure due, in part, to enhanced lung deposition and exacerbation of hypoxia and pathophysiologic processes of heart failure.     

Effect of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) leaf extract on diabetic nephropathy in rats

Diabetic nephropathy is a clinical syndrome characterized by albuminuria, hypertension and progressive renal insufficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) leaf extract on diabetic nephropathy in rats. Streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats were orally treated with three doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) of strawberry leaf extract for 30 days. Nephropathy biomarkers in plasma and kidney were examined at the end of the experiment. The three doses of strawberry leaf extract significantly decreased the levels of blood glucose, urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine, kidney injury molecule (Kim)‐1, renal malondialdehyde (MDA), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐ 6 and caspase‐3 in diabetic rats. Meanwhile, the levels of plasma insulin, albumin, uric acid, renal catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) were significantly elevated in diabetic rats treated with strawberry leaf extract. These results indicate the role of strawberry leaves extract as anti‐diabetic, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy.     

No Apparent Correlation of kp with Steric Hindrance for Branched Acrylates

The Arrhenius parameters of the propagation rate coefficient, k_p, are determined via the pulsed laser polymerization—size exclusion chromatography (PLP‐SEC) method for five branched acrylates (tert‐butyl (tBA), isobornyl (iBoA), benzyl (BnA), 2‐ethylhexyl (EHA), and 2‐propylheptyl acrylate (PHA)) in 1 m solution in butyl acetate (BuAc) to complete the series, published by Haehnel et al. in 2014, of branched acrylates (isononyl (INA‐A), tridecyl (TDA‐A and TDN‐A), heptadecyl (C17A), and henicosyl acrylate (C21A)) in solution that do not show a trend in k_p. Furthermore, the propagation rate coefficients of the branched acrylates in 1 m solution are critically compared with the branched acrylates in bulk as well as branched methacrylates. A summary of the trends and family‐type behavior for the linear and branched (meth)acrylates as well as methacrylates with cyclic ester side chains is provided. For the branched acrylates in 1 m solution, no clear trends of the propagation rate coefficients, k_p, or Arrhenius parameters A and E_A are detectable and—in contrast to the corresponding methacrylates—there is no family‐type behavior observed in solution as well as in bulk.

     

禁欲间隔对夫精人工授精妊娠率的影响

目的：探讨禁欲间隔时间对夫精人工授精（ IUI）妊娠率的影响。方法回顾分析我院治疗的不孕不育患者临床资料,共549个IUI治疗周期,按禁欲时间1～7 d分为7组,检测记录每个周期精液参数,并比较分析妊娠率。结果精子浓度呈上升趋势,精子体积呈上升趋势,前向运动精子百分比呈下降趋势,前向运动精子总数呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）;排除女方疾病后,370个IUI周期妊娠共计51例,妊娠率为13．78％,禁欲1 d组妊娠率明显高于其他组。结论不育患者可打破禁欲2     

IgG4相关性疾病临床病理学特征分析

目的：探讨IgG4相关性疾病的病理学形态、免疫表型特征。方法观察12例IgG4相关性疾病的镜下特点,结合免疫组化EnVision两步法染色检测IgG、IgG4、CD138、CD34的表达,分析IgG4相关性疾病的病理学形态特征。结果 IgG4相关性疾病主要表现为组织弥漫性纤维化;伴大量淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润,围绕血管神经分布;闭塞性静脉炎形成,免疫组化EnVision两步法染色IgG4阳性浆细胞与IgG阳性浆细胞比例>40%。结论 IgG4相关性疾病临床特点和影像学无特异性,易误诊为肿瘤,术前血清IgG4检测可作为疑似病例的首选方法。     

儿童颅内肿瘤221例临床病理分析

目的：探讨儿童颅内肿瘤的临床病理学特征。方法对221例经外科手术切除、病理确诊的儿童(18岁及其以下)颅内肿瘤进行回顾性分析,并复习相关文献。结果本组病例占同期颅内肿瘤的7．21%,男女比为1．06∶1,男性患儿稍多。3岁以下患儿较少,其余各年龄组病例数大致相当。最常见首发症状为呕吐、头昏头痛、共济失调。发病部位：幕上153例(69．23%),幕下68例(30．77%)。幕上最常见为大脑半球和鞍区,幕下为小脑和第四脑室。 WHOⅠ级或良性肿瘤89例,占40．27%;恶性肿瘤132例,占59．73%,其中WHO Ⅳ级或其他高度恶性肿瘤61例,占27．60%。发病率位居前5位的肿瘤分别为星形细胞瘤、胚胎性肿瘤、颅咽管瘤、室管膜瘤、生殖细胞瘤。星形细胞瘤中弥漫型星形细胞瘤和毛细胞星形细胞瘤多见,高级别星形细胞瘤少见。胚胎性肿瘤中髓母细胞瘤和幕上原始神经外胚层肿瘤多见。结论儿童颅内肿瘤发病率逐年增高,病理类型多样,恶性居多,正确诊断非常重要。